Thursday, August 14, 2008
4/4/08
Finishing Up: How can we know students learned the lesson?
Here is what each group should have completed so far:- Each student has read the three introductory articles, and write a wiki entry that describes one thing discussed in each article that you would like to implement in your classroom.
- 150 word summary of your research for your lesson plan, including
- NYS Standards
- How the research informed your lesson plan
- How you plan to implement your lesson plan
- 4 APA Citations
- Six Website links that have lesson plans similar to one you created, and descriptions that will be added to our link list.
- Complete the Online Collaborative Writing Project, which will help your group define the words, "blog," and "wiki."
- Common Blog Features
- Blog Characteristics Sheet
- Blogger Planning Sheet
- Process Rubric Sheet
- Completing the worksheets from the WebQuest About WebQuest site.
- Adding content to the Wikispace webpage, including
- 150 word summary
- Lesson Plan
- Lesson Plan Websites
- Materials for WebQuest
- Lesson Plan Websites
Lesson Plan Templates
Avoiding the rush to insanity
There are wikis , online generators, Excel spreadsheets, and webpage lists on lesson plan templates. We will use my simple Lesson Plan Template to help build your lesson plans. All you need to do is type or copy/paste your information into the template, and save it. That's it!
Writing Regents Questions
How do we know our students know
what we know we taught them?
The best way to find Regents questions appropriate to your lesson plan is to go online to the Regents archive and find the appropriate subject matter.
Let's say we wanted to create some Science Regents questions for Grade 4. First, we would find a recent exam, and access the Rating Guide for that exam. Go to the next to last page of the document (page 17), and look at the item map that links each question in the test to relevant standards. Let's say my lesson applied to Standard PS 5.1. Question 9 is appropriate for that standard. So let's download the Spring 2007 Grade 4 Science Regents Exam and create a question that we can save as a Word document.
Looking at Question 9, we can see that we need to create a question format, a graphic format, and an answer format. Open up the final document to see what we will be making.
Homework
Each group will create 5 Regents based questions that apply the New York standards appropriate to that lesson, using the techniques modeled in class.
3/28/08
How can we design lessons that stimulate student inquiry?
WebQuests
Escaping the dusty textbook
What is a WebQuest? Here's a definition:A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented activity, where some or all of the material a student interacts with comes from the resources on the Internet. WebQuests eliminate the need for a student to search, sometimes endlessly for information on a topic, since prescreened links are provided in the WebQuest. Another benefit to using WebQuests is that they are easily created and support any curriculum topic. They are motivating and highly interactive, allowing students to use real life resources that are up to date.WNET has an excellent online workshop about WebQuests. You might even be able to get professional credits for viewing it.
There are two ways to look at a WebQuest: the first is how you as the teacher are going to design and evaluate it, the other is what each step of a WebQuest will look like to a student. Let's look at the final product first.
Instead of writing more linear text with links to click on, WebQuests take a constructivist approach to learning. As Bernie Dodge, one of the original creators of the WebQuest once stated, "[a WebQuest] is an inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from resources on the Internet." Usually, the quest is divided in the following sections:
Students typically complete WebQuests in cooperative groups. Each student in each group then has a "role," or specific area to research. WebQuests often require cooperative group work, where each person researches a specific area, or has a specific task. Let's jump back into one, and see how they work.
Each of you will take on a role, and evaluate a handful of WebQuests. Once everyone on the group has evaluated each WebQuest, based upon their persona, your group will collectively evaluate each WebQuest.
Creating online inquiry
Framing student exploration
So we're back at one of the main issues of this colloquium: how to create educational writings that aren't like dusty books, that are more than static lists of information. Creating a storyline line for students to move back and forth through, allows students to move along at their own pace, searching out what they are specifically interested in, while keeping the focus and objectives of the online research intact.
Of course, if you're creating a WebQuest (hint, hint) you're more likely to gather all the materials you want to include in the online lesson before you organize it into the above steps. Here are some additional resources to help you craft your WebQuest:
- Bernie Dodge's WebQuest Resources
- A Road Map for Designing WebQuests
- Writing WebQuests for the Classroom
- WebQuest Resources
Evaluation
Homework #3
Let's recap what we've done, or should have done, by now:- Each student searched for and summarized three articles about how the classroom will look different than it is today.
- Each group developed a lesson plan that includes NYS and NYC standards, an Aim, development of the lesson, and a summary.
- Each group used ERIC to find four education articles (and APA citations) that relate to their lesson plan.
- Each group uploaded their information to their wiki page.
- Each group found 3-6 Internet lesson plans similar to their own.
- Each group completed the Blog WebQuest and uploaded their answers to their wiki page.
Deliverable #1: Each group will use the materials they have gathered so far to develop a WebQuest. To do so, please follow the below steps:
- Organize the Introduction, Task, Process, Evaluation, Conclusion, and Teacher Page from your materials.
- Use an online resource to generate your WebQuest. The best one is filamentality, another one is blogs2teach . If you prefer to save your WebQuest to disk, you can use aclearn.net or seneca.
3/14/08
I designed the blog so that students could walk into class, get online, and do the warmup exercise with very little supervision. My vision for my computer classes is for students to access my blog, follow instruction on the most recent entry, do an activity that will stimulate students to think about the topic for the class, leading into me modeling the lesson, resolved by the last part of the blog entry -- the homework assignment, requiring each student to upload their work to their personal wiki page. And in the beginning of the next class, while everybody is working on the warmup, I'm clicking through the wiki pages, assessing everybody's work.
But as is often the case in computer classes, a quarter of the students don't know how to open FireFox. And my anxiety immediately rose, triggered by past failures, where I'm running around the room, madly trying to convey how to cut and paste to students in the farthest corners, meanwhile, the students I am wedging myself around are waiting for further instructions, Googling the most recent Nike kicks mpegs.
Teaching computer skills in a heterogeous classroom is the most common environment in many academic institutions -- most degree programs only require one computer class. Teaching "all-in-on" computer courses, as you might imagine, is often an exhausting task -- trying to bring everyone to the same skill level is a daunting task. And I've done it enough to be acutely conscious of when the dilemia is eternally recurring again.
http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=423&action=article
Second Life Educational Resources
NCTI
The Edublogger
2/4/08 -- Module #2: Blogging and Wiki Writing
What is the 21st Century Research Paper?
Collaborative Writing
Blogging the Body Electric
So you've done your research, found several educational articles about your Aim, APAed them for future reference. How should I write up the lesson plan for digital natives? In the era of twittering, IMing, and dodgeball, is there any place for pen and paper? Once again, we need to reevaluate our writing techniques to ensure that our students are fully engaged in our instructional objectives.
There is a new layer of atmosphere in the 21st century: the blogosphere. Like air molecules engaged in Brownian motion, students freely share their ideas in a virtual extension of the classroom. Open source, "collaborationware," or "educational social software," (ESS), can create a student-centered approach to learning. The result, our understanding of the act of writing has been altered -- instead of an author, "mashed up" data. Even academic professors are producing their own blogs, so many that there are now websites that simply compile other educational blog websites. Although ESS origins date back to the 1940s, community learning, or "c-learning," is all the rage, and since 2006, awards have been given for the best ones. Here's a list of some edublogs.
Like any technology, blogs are misused and misunderstood. So you should use some online resources to help you clearly define your objectives if you decide to use a blog in your classroom. They are mainly used as a public diary, addressing causes and concerns someone may have. "Call and answer" techniques can be useful, where the teacher posts a question or activity on a blog, and student post comments with their own answers and ideas. Because the comments are publicly viewable, students often take more ownership of their responses, compared to writing an answer on a slip of paper, to be stacked up on a pile of papers, that only the teacher will read.
You are reading an education blog right now, the same one we used last week. How am I using my blog? Mainly as an online resource, and homework assignment poster for this class. I have many unpublished drafts, few online posts, and over time, I delete old ones after incorporating the best of their content into new postings. The reason I minimize postings is that the less computer-savvy students often "scroll into oblivion," and can't find the specific posting I'm referencing in class. This deletion technique weakens the organic evolution of blog writing, but makes it easier for "digital immigrants" to read.
Some of my other classes have different objectives, so my blog writing techniques vary from class to class. Blogging, in my opinion, will always be fundamentally teacher, or writer, centered. Our next style of writing, wiki writing, is much more collaborative.
Writing Wikis
The overarching theme to these modules is to avoid coding another static web page that is never updated and collects digital dust. Instead, we should challenge ourselves to develop collaborative editing and writing projects. One of the most common web applications teachers can use to develop student centered content is the wiki. A wiki is computer software that allows users to easily create, edit and link web pages. Wikis are often used to create collaborative writing projects, which make them excellent educational resources. Education Week recently published an article about wikis, citing several examples currently maintained by teachers. Look at two of the two wikis mentioned, and observe some of the similar and different qualities between them.
- Michael Horton's scienceinquirer is mostly list-based -- many good science teacher resources
- Jennifer Dorman uses her wiki, Dorman-Data-Digest, as a gateway into her website, blog and podcast, as well as a cornucopia of resources for various American history units, but no interactive writing either.
These wikis could easily be simply called websites as well, but the most important quality of wikis, again, is that many people contribute and edit the online content. Of course, the best wikis are the ones we write ourselves. My classes, collectively, have been building what, in my opinion, is the best lesson plan reference page on the entire Internet. All of you will be contributing to it as well. So let's get on it.
Evaluation
Homework #2
Deliverable #1: Each group will upload their Homework #1 research to their group's wiki page.
Deliverable #2: Each group will find either 3 lesson plan Webpages that are not already on the lesson plan wiki, 6 lesson plans already referenced on the lesson plan wiki, or some combination thereof. The Webpages must be directly related to your lesson plan Aim, so a Internet lesson plan on fractions is not appropriate to an Aim about factoring. Each lesson plan reference will include a hyperlink, and a few sentences describing why this is a good lesson plan for your Aim.
Deliverable #3: Each group will access the Blog WebQuest to fill out the remainder of questions on their group's wiki page. Students will make the following revisions to the WebQuest:
- Include the links above in this posting to help you with definitions of "blog" and "wiki."
- Each student will include two summaries of the articles found for last week's homework.
1/30/08
How can we teach with technology?
Preface:
Diverting students from the virtual gingerbread house
Today's youth are often more skilled with computers than their mentors. In their world, "everybody has MySpace." As "digital natives," children are easily enticed into gingerbread homepages, aglaze with hypertext, rife with meaningless content. Yet the virtual world offers many opportunities to enhance learning. Online information allows students to read and write their own questions, organize events with other students, living a Second Life, even using avatars to define their own identity. Many educators, born before the net generation, often experienced classrooms as a grid of students sitting in rows and columns, reading the next chapter out of a book written by educational authorities. Hence the dilemia: designing lessons in the future will be radically different than the lessons our teachers created, requiring new teachers to integrate current technologies into the classroom, like email, if we want pique our students' curiosities.
Too often, students are left to their own plugins in the digital classroom. Many teachers prefer to apply research techniques they used when they were students: walking up a library's marble steps, drifting down dusty bookshelves, the "shushers" behind the desk not so hip as they are today. Some educators, as "digital immigrants," can offer little more guidance than how to log on, or print out a page, adrift in a digital sea of online research. As a result, the "online educational resource" rapidly devolves into a multimedia device satisfying the saccharine, flickering attentions of an adept tweenster: a .mp3 player, a sneakers catalog, an IM chatterbox. We all know the result, schools fine students for cell phone use in class, place "filters" on network access, which digital natives easily circumvent, leading to more and more draconian lock-down procedures, like shutting down access to sites like YouTube and mySpace, or even banning computers altogether from the classroom.
Even if educators are relegated from the "sage on the stage," to the "guide on the side," we cannot abandon our fundamental imperative: framing inquiry in the digital classroom. The Internet is a "technological enframing of being." Without an overarching, organizing pedagogy, students will be tempted to do what you're probably thinking about right now: check your email while I'm delivering today's lesson, chat on AIM, shop on eBay. How can we divert students from virtual gingerbread houses? We can either wave our hands in frustration, moan that learning is dead, accept more and more command-and-control procedures limiting students' Internet access, or, create our own "educational toolbars," that allow us to connect with students, helping to ensure students don't turn down the paths of misinformation, mind-numbing waste, and obscenity so common on the Internet.
Overview:
Upgrading our educational toolbars
Our goal will be to produce online educational materials. More importantly, we, as teachers and students, will collectively experience a pedagogical process that moves beyond the "textbook brick." The topics we will cover, in no particular order, are as follows:
- Educational Research
- Database Queries
(ERIC, EBSCO, Gale, SIRS, CAIRSS) - Standards Alignment
(USA, NYS, NYC) - Document Production
- Regents Based Item Writing
(Word, Acrobat) - Online Collaborative Writing
(Blogs, Wikis) - Student Centered Inquiry
- WebQuests
Let's first excavate some of the archaeological foundations of the World Wide Web, before it became the "Internet." The earliest, easiest versions of Internet content are the "recipe pages," or the "point-and-click" resource guides. Let's look at some examples of this primitive application of educational online resources.
Virtual hieroglyphics:
The rise of the hotlink
Ever been observed by an administrator while teaching a lesson? If you have, you know the burning question always asked in the ensuing debriefing: what standards framed your lesson? For better or worse, teachers today must know education standards like chemists know the periodic table. Having them a "click away" is at least a calming thought for new educators, often swamped with stacks of papers -- the tell-tale sign of a first year teacher: "where's that ... ?"
So here's an example of bundling the canons of New York education standards. Specifically, the following standards will be useful to elementary teachers:
Additionally, national education standards are becoming more and more important. Here are a couple of the more famous ones:
- Council of Teachers of Mathematics
- Science Education Standards
- Standards for Arts Education
- Council of Teachers of English pdf
- Association for Sport & Physical Education
- Council for Social Studies
The above lists are examples of the most familiar "online educational resources" -- links to other webpages of interest, usually unchanging, very similar to a stack of books in a library. To be sure, the list resource can be very helpful, but once one is created, revisions are rarely made to them, indeed, dead links are often common blights on the "recipe page". More importantly, once a "net gen" clicks through all of the links, their eyes will soon be elsewhere, little learning actualized. Instead of "click and die," where the reader is little more than a passive reader, we should build on the remains of these foundations, making hypertext less linear, more pleasurable. *
Evolving away from the recipe page
I've been in professional development sessions where the above example is about as far as today's question was developed: a static page of information, reflecting all of the work done in the session, but as soon as the class is over, the page grows old, neither updated or revised, an electronic dusty book. A lot of teachers' web pages are very similar, listing outlines of content, sample exams, student rankings, but never showing what is most important in education: how learning new concepts can reshape our understandings and perceptions of the world around us.
Like any professional, educators can stay current with cutting edge trends by regularly skimming online education journals. Here are some of the best ones:
- Innovate – focuses on the creative use of information technology (IT) to enhance educational processes in academic, commercial, and governmental settings.
- Edutopia – The George Lucas Educational Foundation (GLEF) was founded in 1991 as a nonprofit operating foundation to celebrate and encourage innovation in schools.
- EducationWeek – Originally launched as the "Moonshooter" project in 1957, the journal is recognized as “American education’s newspaper of record.” Its primary mission is to help raise the level of awareness and understanding among professionals and the public of important issues in American education.
- Education Review – publishes reviews of recent books in education, covering the entire range of education scholarship and practice.
- eLearn Magazine – published by the Association for Computing Machinery, a not-for-profit educational association serving those who work, teach, and learn in the various computing-related fields. Founded in 1947, ACM's stated mission is to advance the arts, sciences, and applications of information technology, with a special emphasis on teachers, managers, and administrators working to develop educational programs or classes on the Web.
- EduCause Quarterly – EDUCAUSE Quarterly (formerly CAUSE/EFFECT) is a practitioner's journal about managing and using information resources in higher education. EDUCAUSE Quarterly includes articles (written by professionals in the field and peer-reviewed) that relate to planning, developing, managing, using, and evaluating information resources in higher education. Information resources encompass technology, services, and information.
Research Databases
Boricua students also have access to the following databases, at school and at home. You will need passwords to login at home.
I'm still working on making all of the links perfect, but the descriptions for each database will help you choose the ones that will best help you do specific research.
General
- MasterFile Select — full text coverage for more than 700 periodicals covering general reference, business, health, education, general science, multicultural issues, as well as abstracts for more than 2,050 titles. This database also features 35 full text reference and travel books.
- TOPICSearch — explores social, political and economic issues, scientific discoveries and other popular topics discussed in today’s classrooms. Contains full text for over 139,800 articles from 4,800 diverse sources including international and regional newspapers.
- Academic Search Elite — Academic Search Elite provides full text for more than 2,000 journals in nearly every area of academic study including: computer sciences, engineering, physics, chemistry, language and linguistics, arts & literature, medical sciences, ethnic studies and more.
- Newspaper Source — Newspaper Source provides cover-to-cover full text for 28 national (U.S.) & international newspapers. The database also contains selected full text for more than 260 regional (U.S.) newspapers. In addition, full text television & radio news transcripts are provided from ABC News, CBS News, CNN, CNN International, FOX News, NPR, etc.
- Serials Directory— The Serials Directory provides access to the most up-to-date and accurate bibliographic information as well as current pricing structures for popular serials. It contains nearly 212,000 U.S. and international titles, including newspapers; data from nearly 108,235 publishers worldwide.
Science
- Science Reference Center — contains full text for nearly 640 science encyclopedias, reference books, periodicals, etc. Topics covered include: biology, chemistry, earth & space science, environmental science, health & medicine, history of science, life science, physics, science & society, science as inquiry, scientists, technology and wildlife.
- General Science Collection — full text coverage for more than 60 of the most popular science publications including Archaeology, Astronomy, Discover, National Geographic, National Wildlife, Popular Science, Science News, Scientific American, and many others.
- Funk and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia — indexes over 25,000 records, covering an array of topics. Full text for each record may be easily accessed by double clicking on the topic from the display. The database contains various images, offers brief biographies as well as information in a variety of subject areas.
- EBSCO Encyclopedia of Animals — in-depth information on a variety of topics relating to animals. The database consists of indexing, abstracts, and full text records describing the nature and habitat of familiar animals.
Medical
- MEDLINE — authoritative medical information on medicine,nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, pre-clinical sciences from over 4,800 current biomedical journals.
- Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition — provides nearly 550 scholarly full text journals focusing on many medical disciplines. Also featured are abstracts and indexing for nearly 850 journals. Coverage of nursing and allied health is particularly strong. In addition, this database includes Lexi-PAL Drug Guide, which covers 1,300 generic drug patient education sheets with more than 4,700 brand names.
Business
- Business Source Elite — Business Source Elite provides full text coverage for nearly 1,100 business publications and economics journals, including nearly 500 peer-reviewed publications. In addition to the full text, this database offers indexing and abstracts for more than 1,750 journals. Business Source Elite contains full text from the world's top management and marketing journals. This database includes full text (PDF) coverage dating back as far as 1985, and detailed company profiles for the world's 10,000 largest companies.
- Regional Business News — incorporates 75 business journals, newspapers and newswires.
- Military & Government Collection — current news pertaining to all branches of the military, this database offers a thorough collection of periodicals, academic journals and other content pertinent to the increasing needs of those sites. The Military & Government Collection provides cover-to-cover full text for nearly 300 journals and periodicals. The database also offers indexing and abstracts for nearly 400 titles.
Education
- ERIC — provides access to education literature and resources. The database provides access to information from journals included in the Current Index of Journals in Education Resources in Education Index. The database contains more than 1,194,000 records and links to more than 100,000 full-text documents and
- Professional Development Collection — highly specialized collection of nearly 520 high quality education journals, including nearly 350 peer-reviewed titles. This database also contains more than 200 educational reports. This is the most comprehensive and most valuable collection of full text education journals in the world. In addition to full text, indexing and abstracts are provided for more than 700 journals.

- Custom Newspapers – Search a collection of more than 900 newspapers, both national and international.
- New York State Newspapers – 28 major newspapers published in the state of New York, including the New York Times and the New York Post.
- Health Reference Center Academic – Multi-source database provides access to the full text of nursing and allied health journals, plus the wide variety of personal health information sources in InfoTrac's award-winning Health Reference Center.
- Informe – Una colección de revistas hispánicas con textos completos. Abarca negocios, salud, tecnología, cultura, temas de actualidad y otras materias.
- Gale Virtual Reference Library – database of encyclopedias and specialized reference sources for multidisciplinary research.
- Business and Company ASAP – Providing researchers with information on companies, markets and industries. From market trends, mergers and acquisitions to current management theory and company overviews. Access business and trade journals, newspapers and company directory profiles with full text and images.
- Business and Company Resource Center – Business and Company Resource Center is a fully integrated resource bringing together company profiles, brand information, rankings, investment reports, company histories, chronologies and periodicals.
- Junior Edition K12 – Now with over 330 titles, cross searchable with E-Books, this periodical database is designed for students in junior high and middle school with access to a variety of indexed and full-text magazines, newspapers and reference books for information on current events, the arts, science, popular culture, health, people, government, history, sports and more.
- Twayne's Author Series – Comprises 600 full-text titles from the Twayne Literary Masters series, 200 each from Twayne World, US, and English Authors.
- National Newspaper Index – National Newspaper Index provides quick access to the indexing of America's top five newspapers in one seamless search: The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post.
- Health and Wellness Resource Center and Alternative Health Module – Provides instant access to carefully compiled and trusted medical reference materials. Includes nearly 400 health/medical journals, hundreds of pamphlets, over 700 health-related videos from partner Healthology, Inc., and articles from 2,200 general interest publications in addition to a broad collection of Gale reference titles.

SIRS offers several comprehensive resources, including:
- Researcher — features thousands of full-text articles and analysis on today’s hottest and most controversial social, scientific, health, historic, economic, political, and global issues.
- Government Reporter — contains fulltext US government documents, and graphics. Included are Supreme Court decisions, historic documents, National Archives, and more.
- Renaissance — provides dynamic information on the arts and humanities. Fulltext articles and color images are selected from more than 1,200 publications.
- WebSelect — online databases of quality websites on vital issues and topics, evaluated daily for relevance and credibility.
- Interactive Citizenship — helps student learn about every facet of government, economics, and concepts underlying world affairs. In-depth chapter essays, related articles, primary sources, and websites provide both background context and the latest information on key concepts in the social sciences.
And finally, there are numerous Search Engines and Research Databases available free online to help you find information when nothing else works.
One last note, although I went online when Reagan was president, and I've had my own websites for over a decade, many of my pedagogical ideas achieved critical mass when I picked up Will Richardson's book last year. Much of what we will explore this semester can be found in his $30 book:
Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, And Other Powerful Web Tools For Classrooms
By Will Richardson (Paperback ISBN: 9781412927673)
Evaluation
Homework #1
Deliverable #1: Each student will imagine one way that classrooms will be different twenty years from now. Using the above research tools, find three articles that help describe your vision. Summarize the information in those three articles in 2-3 paragraphs. Here are some examples of publications that envision the future classroom:
- Visions 2020: Transforming Education and Training Through Advanced Technologies
- Changing Needs, Changing Models: Instructional Technology Training at Bronx Community College
Deliverable #2: Students will form groups of no less than two and no more than three students. Each group will decide which content area (math, science, social science, art, or language arts) they will research for their lesson plans, etc. Each group will post a comment to this posting, listing their names and content area.
To post a comment, make sure you choose the "anonymous" identity before clicking on the 'Publish Your Comment' button. Include everyone's name in the group so I know who you are, otherwise, I'll just delete the comment.
Note: Once a group has posted their choice for a content area, no other group may choose that content area.
Deliverable #3: Each group will choose an Aim for a lesson plan appropriate to the chosen content area.
Deliverable #4: Each group will identify the New York State and New York City standards that align to the Aim.
Deliverable #5: Each group will use the ERIC search engine and the International Bibliographic Database on Higher Education, (any music lesson can also use the CAIRSS for Music database) to locate four articles that pertain instruction and delivery of that Aim. The research databases discussed above may also be used.
Deliverable #7: Each group will post a comment that includes their names, their Aim, the NYS and NYC standards, and the APA citations of the four research articles to this blog.
Deliverable #8: Each group will use the Lesson Plan Word Template to design and write a lesson plan based upon their ERIC research articles.
Deliverable #9: Each group will produce a 150 word essay that summarizes
- the lesson plan Aim chosen
- how the ERIC research articles helped shape the design of your lesson plan
- the NYS standards that are applicable to your lesson plan, and
- how you plan to implement this lesson plan
APA Citation Format
Citing an article requires including information that will allow anyone (including you) to find the article at a later date. Generally, you must include the author's name, the date of publication, the article's title, the page numbers, and the publisher. Use the following APA Citation Format examples to help create the correct citation format.
Article in Journal Paginated by Issue
Journals paginated by issue begin with page one every issue; therefore, the issue number gets indicated in parentheses after the volume. The parentheses and issue number are not italicized or underlined.
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.
Article in a Magazine
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Article in a Newspaper
Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in APA style. Single pages take p., e.g., p. B2; multiple pages take pp., e.g., pp. B2, B4 or pp. C1, C3-C4.
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.11/9/07
Finishing Up: How can we know students learned the lesson?
Her is what each group should have completed so far:- Read the three introductory articles, and write a wiki entry that describes one thing discussed in each article that you would like to implement in your classroom.
- 150 word summary of your research for your lesson plan, including
- NYS Standards
- How the research informed your lesson plan
- How you plan to implement your lesson plan
- 4 APA Citations
- A Word formatted lesson plan
- Six Website links that have lesson plans similar to one you created, and descriptions that will be added to our link list.
- Completing the following worksheets from the Recapping Blogs Website:
- Common Blog Features
- Blog Characteristics Sheet
- Blogger Planning Sheet
- Process Rubric Sheet
- Completing the worksheets from the WebQuest About WebQuest site.
- Adding content to the Wikispace webpage, including
- 150 word summary
- Lesson Plan
- Lesson Plan Websites
- Materials for WebQuest
- Lesson Plan Websites
Writing Regents Questions
The best way to find Regents questions appropriate to your lesson plan is to go online to the Regents archive and find the appropriate subject matter.Let's say we wanted to create some Science Regents questions for Grade 4. First, we would find a recent exam, and access the Rating Guide for that exam. Go to the next to last page of the document (page 17), and look at the item map that links each question in the test to relevant standards. Let's say my lesson applied to Standard PS 5.1. Question 9 is appropriate for that standard. So let's download the Spring 2007 Grade 4 Science Regents Exam and create a question that we can save as a Word document.
Looking at Question 9, we can see that we need to create a question format, a graphic format, and an answer format. Open up the final document to see what we will be making. Now, open up the initial document, and let's go through the steps.
Homework
Each group will create 5 Regents based questions that apply the New York standards appropriate to that lesson, using the techniques modeled in class.
10/26/07
How Can We Develop Online Collaborative Writing Projects?
So everyone has an excellent lesson plan, 4 impressive ERIC articles (in APA citation format), 6 lesson plan websites, and WebQuest material to create an interactive online educational experience. With such awesome materials in hand, we're looking to take our edu-tech-savviness to the next level. Not? Let's take a poll...10/12/07
How can we use the Internet to enhance lesson plans?
Now that your group has had two weeks to read the three articles and post a comment about one thing in each article you would like to see implemented in this class (no one did), and work on developing a lesson plan in Word, based on ERIC research, and the New York State and City Regents Standards, you can now implement technology in your classroom based on a concrete activity, that you designed, that you would like to do in your classroom. The next four sessions we will be doing exactly that.
What I've seen so far with the ERIC Research and lesson plans has been very good. Our class is developing lesson plans in the following content areas:
Daisy and Ersilia | Science (LE) |
Fabiola and Martha | English |
Elizabeth and Madeline | Writer’s Workshop Lesson Plan |
Edda and Florencia | Dance |
Lucia and Julie | Soc. Studies |
Giselle and Bernice | Math |
I would like any new lessons to be related to the following content areas: Arts or Theater, Speaking and Writing, Science (Physical Setting).
The APA citations posted are wonderful, very professional. In fact, I think Lucia and Julie have a good idea posting the ERIC record number in parenthesis at the end of citation. Anyone who hasn't posted their citations yet should do so.
Daisy and Ersilia | Chang, Ren-Jung. & Yang, Hui-Chin. (1999). A system-science approach towards model construction for curriculum development. |
| Greenspan, Yvette, F. (1999). A community of learners: Linking scientific patterns of life. |
| Hobbie, Ann. (2000). Making connections with insect royalty. |
| Walker, Margaret. (1973). Caterpillar to chrysalis to monarch butterfly. |
Lucia and Julie | Patrick, John J. (1992). Teaching about the Voyages of |
| Crosby, Alfred W.; Nader, Helen (1989). The Voyages of |
| Backler, Alan L.; and others (1989). Teaching about the Voyages of |
| Herrera, |
Bernice/Giselle | Gipson, Joella (1972) An Everyday Approach to Math (EJ053878) |
| Fielker, David (2007) Addition, Subtraction, and Algorithms in General. N 204 p.3-5 (EJ775048) |
| Warren, Elizabeth, Cooper, Tom (2005)Young Children's ability to use a strategy to solve unknowns. nl p. 58-72 (EJ747882) |
| Carpenter, Thomas P., Franke, Megan, and others (1998) A longitudinal study of invention and understanding in children's multidigit addition and subtraction (EJ558832) |
Lists of Lists: The Hyperlink and Online Indices
Although the origin of the Internet's history is often associated with the ARPANet, it only began to be considered in the public consciousness when Gopher was created by Mark McCahill and his team at the University of Minnesota in 1991 (taking its name from the university's mascot, the Golden Gopher). Gopher essentially combined the Telnet and FTP protocols, allowing users to click hyperlinked menus to access information on demand without resorting to additional commands -- a boon for users in the days before graphical browsers.
One of the first search engines was called Archie, developed at McGill University in 1990. Archie downloaded lists of ftp archives located on servers through North America to create searchable database. When a user used telnet protocals to access an Archie site, "spider" software could be used to find keywords of interest to the user, and the search results could be emailed back to the user. Gopher applications, originally developed at the University of Minnesota, added an additional innovation to search engines. By logging into a gopher server, the user could query for keywords of interest, but additionally, he could select a line of interest and actually read the contents, instead of having the address emailed. Gopher sites used a search software similar to Archie, called Veronica, developed at the University of Nevada. Today, very few gopher sites exist, and I can't find any online Veronica applications.
Another innovation occurred in 1991, the advent of subject indices used during a keyword search. The Wide Area Information Server, or WAIS, addressed the burgeoning number of servers now online. Additionally, WAIS "ranked" the results in order of the frequency the keywords appeared in the content. Since these breakthroughs of the early 1990's, very little has been added to the basic techniques used to find information on the web.
So search engines have existed for fifteen years now, and all of them compare keywords you supply to an existing database of information stored on web pages. Google (or for you energy conservationists, Blackle) is the most popular one, but many others engines exist, and you may find some of them more helpful when "surfing the Web" for educational resources. For example, meta-search engines, like Webcrawler, or Dogpile, search multiple search engines at the same time. Ask.com is running a bunch of commercials to raise its standing. Most search engines have an advanced function that allows you to narrow your search.
Bringing the User into the Search
So we've reached the beginning of last week's lesson, where I started out by observing that many of the current educational webs are little more than static lists of information, helpful to be sure, but how can students learn more from the Internet than simply clicking on a bunch of links? Creating a storyline line for students to move back and forth through, allows students to move along at their own pace, searching out what they are specifically interested in, while keeping the focus and objectives of the online research intact.
Instead of writing more linear text with links to click on, WebQuests take a constructivist approach to learning. As Bernie Dodge, one of the original creators of the WebQuest once stated, "[a WebQuest] is an inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from resources on the Internet." Usually, the quest is divided in the following sections:
- Introduction
- Task
- Process
- Evaluation
- Conclusion
- Teacher Page
Students typically complete WebQuests in cooperative groups. Each student in each group then has a "role," or specific area to research. WebQuests often require cooperative group work, where each person researches a specific area, or has a specific task.
Let's look at Channel 13's WebQuest as an example of a good WebQuest.Homework
- Find six Websites with lesson plans that are similar to the lesson plan you researched and designed for the last module. Use any or all of the search engines discussed in class to help you find them. You cannot use any existing lesson plan links that previous students have already described. Each group may choose one of the following websites:
- Using the HTML table template, create your own Web page that lists and describes your six Websites. Use Notepad (c:\windows\notepad.exe, not Word!) to create the file, and view it in Firefox. Save the file to your flash drive. Your Web page should have the following components:
- A table (6x2), the first column is the name of the Lesson Plan Website, the second column a description of the contents
- The name should be a hyperlink that will take you to the actual Website.
- The description should help anyone reading it determine if the lesson plans will be helpful a specific search. Use lists if helpful.
- Go online to the Recapping Blogs web site. Each group must go through the WebQuest and complete the following forms available on the web site:
- Common Blog Features
- Blog Characteristics Sheet
- Blogger Planning Sheet
- Process Rubric Sheet
- Finally, begin designing a WebQuest based upon your own lesson plan. Your group doesn't have to publish it online, just get a list of online media URLs that you would like to incorporate into your WebQuest, as well as any other information you would like to include in each section. Check out How to Build Your Own WebQuest for more information.
9/27/07
How can we teach with technology?
More specifically, how can we use the Internet in the way it was originally designed, as a means to communicate information, so to enhance learning? This question has evolved over the years, from creating simple personal "point-and-click" resource guides, to today, where more serious pedagogical questions, such as "connective writing" are being addressed. Let's look at some examples of the various ways we can design online educational resources to help improve teaching in the classroom.
Point and Click Resource Guides
Ever been observed by an administrator while teaching a lesson? If you have, you know the burning question always asked in the ensuing debriefing: what standards framed your lesson? For better or worse, teachers today must know education standards like chemists know the periodic table. Having them a "click away" is at least a calming thought for new educators, often swamped with stacks of papers -- the tell-tale sign of a first year teacher: "where is that ... ?" Just last week I updated a semester's worth of math homework sets to the new edition of the math book, only to lose the paper, now I have to do it all over again. This time, I'm posting the assignments to my website as soon as I'm done.
So here's an example of bundling the canon of education standards binding upon New York City teachers. All of the New York State standards can be found at the Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology website. Specifically, the following standards will be useful to elementary teachers:
- Elementary Math Standards
- Elementary Science Standards
- Elementary ELA Standards
- Elementary Social Studies Standards
- Elementary Arts Standards
Taking it to the Next Level...
I've been in professional development sessions where the above example is about as far as today's question was developed: a static page of information, reflecting all of the work done in the session, but as soon as the class is over, the page grows old, neither updated or revised, an electronic dusty book. A lot of teachers' web pages are very similar, listing outlines of content, sample exams, student rankings, but never showing what is most important in education: how learning new concepts can reshape our understandings and perceptions of the world around us.
Part of the reason why education web pages suffer this limitation is because many teachers are "digital immigrants," that is, we are more comfortable reading those dusty tomes in a dimly lit corner of a library (at least I know I am) than we are getting online and surfing the 'Net. The converse is true for our students.
Instead of writing a few web pages and saying, "there, I'm a technologically savvy teacher," we need to push ourselves, just like we push our students. Here are some examples of the frontiers of educational technology that illustrate more dynamic, permeable uses of technologies in the classroom.
You'll need to set up a free account using your email address at the Innovate Journal of Online Education to access the following articles:
Note: The last article describes an education class at Teacher College, Columbia University. Every article in Volume 2, Issue 5 is well worth reading.
One of my own personal examples of implementing this pedagogy is my science blog. Scrolling through the entries, you can see how my own online lessons have evolved over the years, and, more importantly, how students have commented and responded to these lessons. Some lessons have been revamped over the years, others discarded, just like any teacher would do when the next September rolls around...
My current frontier (and yours as well for this class), is to build online resources that are continually updated, not be me, but by my students. All of you will be contributing to my lesson plan wiki, just like my previous students did, so that as time progresses, so to will this collaborative student research lesson plan website, built by student teachers, for student teachers, without the boundaries of an all-knowing professor. This is a far cry from the static "point-and-click" web page, and, hopefully, a better way to inculcate learning among our students.
Finally, although I went online when Reagan was president, and I've had my own websites for over a decade, many of my pedagogical ideas achieved critical mass when I picked up Will Richardson's book last year. Much of what we will explore this semester can be found in his $30 book:
Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, And Other Powerful Web Tools For Classrooms
By Will Richardson (Paperback ISBN: 9781412927673)
Homework
You will need to access the following websites to complete this session's homework assignments:
APA Citation Format
Citing an article requires including information that will allow anyone (including you) to find the article at a later date. Generally, you must include the author's name, the date of publication, the article's title, the page numbers, and the publisher. Use the following examples to help create the correct citation format.
Article in Journal Paginated by Issue
Journals paginated by issue begin with page one every issue; therefore, the issue number gets indicated in parentheses after the volume. The parentheses and issue number are not italicized or underlined.
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.
Article in a Magazine
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Article in a Newspaper
Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in APA style. Single pages take p., e.g., p. B2; multiple pages take pp., e.g., pp. B2, B4 or pp. C1, C3-C4.
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.Evaluation
- Each student will read the above bulleted articles, and submit an anonymous comment that includes your name, and one thing discussed in each article that you would like to see implemented in this class.
- Students will form groups of no less than two and no more than three students. Each group will decide which content area (math, science, social science, art, or language arts) they will research for their lesson plans, etc. Each group will post a comment to this posting, listing their names and content area.
Note: Once a group has posted a content area, no other group may choose that content area. - Each group will choose an Aim for a lesson plan appropriate to the chosen content area. The group will then use the ERIC search engine to locate four articles that pertain instruction of that Aim. Each group will post a comment that includes their names, and the correct APA citations of the four research articles.
- Each group will use the lesson plan template to design and write a lesson plan based upon their ERIC research articles.
- Each group will produce a 150 word essay that summarizes
- the lesson plan Aim chosen
- how the ERIC research articles helped shape the design of your lesson plan
- the NYS standards that are applicable to your lesson plan, and
- how you plan to implement this lesson plan
POST A COMMENT!
(Sorry I shouted so much.)